Cấu hình cho phép triển khai Django với nhiều cấu hình khác nhau
Cấu trúc cũ của project:
project/
|-- project/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- settings.py
| |-- urls.py
| +-- wsgi.py
+-- manage.py
Cấu trúc multi setting django
Chỉnh sửa cấu trúc thư mục
project/
|-- project/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- settings/ <--
| | |-- __init__.py <-- Khởi tạo thư mục
| | +-- base.py <-- Khởi tại file base settings
| |-- urls.py
| +-- wsgi.py
+-- manage.py
base.py: Cung cấp các setting thông thường cho tất cả môi trường
Thêm mới các env
Các file setting thông dụng - development.py - production.py - staging.py
project/
|-- project/
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- settings/
| | |-- __init__.py
| | |-- base.py
| | |-- development.py
| | |-- production.py
| | +-- staging.py
| |-- urls.py
| +-- wsgi.py
+-- manage.py
Tổ chức cấu hình
settings/base.py
"""
Django settings for project project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.1.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '8%f@_cwa_w_ol_b5g7y44-=hc@76he@jzb^1)^^ahv%v4#3jj0'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'authen.apps.AuthenConfig',
]
.....
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'authen.User'
settings/development.py
from .base import *
DEBUG = True
INSTALLED_APPS += [
'debug_toolbar',
]
MIDDLEWARE += ['debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware', ]
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
DEBUG_TOOLBAR_CONFIG = {
'JQUERY_URL': '',
}
settings/development.py
from .base import *
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['mysite.com', ]
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
}
}
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.mailgun.org'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_HOST_USER = config('EMAIL_HOST_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = config('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD')
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
Chạy project lựa chọn env
python manage.py runserver --settings=mysite.settings.development
python manage.py migrate --settings=mysite.settings.production
Chạy manager.py mặc định
Với yêu cầu chạy env theo dạng:
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py runserver
Truy cập manage.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'project.settings') # <-- Change here!
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
Sửa lại
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'project.settings.production') # <-- Change here!
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
Xử lý bài toán mỗi env có sự khác biệt về venv python
Tách file requirements.txt thành thư mục, khi sử dụng env nào pip install lại venv tương tự
└── requirements
├── base.txt
├── local.txt
├── production.txt
└── test.txt
Debug in vscode
{
"name": "Python: Django Production",
"type": "python",
"request": "launch",
"pythonPath": "${workspaceFolder}/src/env/bin/python",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/src/project/manage.py",
"console": "integratedTerminal",
"args": [
"runserver",
"--noreload",
"--nothreading",
"--settings=project.settings.production"
],
"django": true
},
{
"name": "Python: Django Test",
"type": "python",
"request": "launch",
"pythonPath": "${workspaceFolder}/src/env/bin/python",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/src/project/manage.py",
"console": "integratedTerminal",
"args": [
"runserver",
"--noreload",
"--nothreading",
"--settings=project.settings.testing"
],
"django": true
},
Nguồn
https://blog.apptension.com/2017/11/09/django-settings-for-multiple-environments/